KETTLEBELL WORKOUT

The kettlebell is a cast-iron or cast steel weight (resembling a cannonball with a handle) used to perform all types of exercises, including but not limited to ballistic exercises that combine cardiovascular, strength and flexibility training. They are also the primary equipment used in the weight lifting sport of kettlebell lifting.

The Russian girya (ги́ря, a loanword from Persian غران girān “heavy”) was a type of metal weight, primarily used to weigh crops, in the 18th century. The use of such weights by circus strongmen is recorded for the 19th century. They began to be used for recreational and competition strength athletics in Russia and Europe in the late 19th century. The birth of competitive kettlebell lifting or girevoy sport (гиревой спорт) is dated to 1885, with the founding of the “Circle for Amateur Athlethics” (Кружок любителей атлетики).^[1]

Russian kettlebells (ги́ри giri, singular ги́ря girya) are traditionally measured in weight by pood, corresponding to 16.38 kilograms (36.1 lb).^[2] The English term kettle bell has been in use since the early 20th century.^[3]

Similar weights used in Classical Greece were the haltere, comparable to the modern kettlebell in terms of movements. Another comparable instrument was used by Shaolin monks in China.^{[citation needed][year needed]}

12 kg, 16 kg, and 24 kg kettlebells

Unlike traditional dumbbells, the kettlebell’s center of mass is extended beyond the hand, similar to Indian clubs or ishi sashi. This facilitates ballistic and swinging movements.^[4] Variants of the kettlebell include bags filled with sand, water, or steel shot.^[5] The kettlebell allows for swing movements and release moves with added safety and added grip, wrist, arm and core strengthening. The unique shape of the kettlebell provides the “unstable force” for handling – key for the effectiveness of the kettlebell exercises.^[6] The anatomy of the kettlebell can be broken down into: handle, corner(s), horn(s), window, bell, and base.

Exercise

By their nature, typical kettlebell exercises build strength and endurance, particularly in the lower back, legs, and shoulders, and increase grip strength.^[7][4] The basic movements, such as the swing, snatch, and the clean and jerk, engage the entire body at once,^[7] and in a way that mimics real world activities such as shoveling or farm work.^[2][4]

Unlike the exercises with dumbbells or barbells, kettlebell exercises involve large numbers of repetitions in the sport, and canalso involve large reps in normal training. Kettlebell exercises are in their nature holistic; therefore they work several muscles simultaneously and may be repeated continuously for several minutes or with short breaks. This combination makes the exercise partially aerobic and more similar to high-intensity interval training rather than to traditional weight lifting. In a 2010 study, kettlebell enthusiasts performing a 20-minute snatch workout were measured to burn, on average, 13.6 calories/minute aerobically and 6.6 calories/minute anaerobically during the entire workout – “equivalent to running a 6-minute mile pace”.^[8]When training with high repetitions, kettlebell progression should start out slowly to build muscle endurance, support the joints and prevent injury.

Like movements performed with any exercise tool, they can be dangerous to those who have back or shoulder problems, or a weak core, when performed without proper education and progression. However, if done properly, they are very beneficial to health. They can offer improved mobility, range of motion, agility, cardio vascular endurance, mental toughness and increased strength.

:

• Conventional swing: The kettlebell is swung from just below the groin to somewhere between the upper abdomen and shoulders, with arms straight or slightly bent, the degree of flexion depends on the trajectory of the kettlebell.^[10]
• High pull: A swing variation where the kettlebell is thrusted a little higher than the Russian swing, and at the apex the bell is pulled in towards the shoulder, and then pushed out again and back down into the swing. Sometimes the “high pull” instead refers to a deadlift that continues into a pull straight up to shoulder level.
• Hang clean: The kettlebell is held in the rack position (resting on the forearm in the crook of the elbow, with the elbow against the chest), lowered to below the knees, and then thrust back up in to the rack.
• Swing clean: The kettlebell is held in the rack position, dropped into the back-swing behind the knees, and then back up in to the rack via the up-swing. The clean is often combined with a press or jerk to make a clean and press or a clean & jerk (also called a long jerk). This is the most common clean, hence, it’s referred to as ‘clean’ rather than ‘swing clean’.
• Dead clean: The kettlebell is pulled up dead from the ground, straight into rack position.
• Snatch: The kettlebell is held in one hand, lowered to behind the knees via hip hinge, swung to an overhead position and held stable, before repeating the movement. The dead snatch or true snatchbegins with the bell on the ground. The lunge snatch lowers into a lunge while the bell goes to the overhead position.
• Strict press: Also called the military pressor standing press, the kettlebell is held in the rack position and pushed overhead with one arm, keeping the body rigid. The tree press, a press standing on one leg, performs a similar function. Other variations include the walking press, taking a step forward with each press, perhaps alternating hands, and the seated press, where the trainee sits on the ground with straight legs while pressing overhead.
• Floor press: A press performed lying on the ground. A variation is the bridge press, a press in the wrestler’s bridge
• Push press: As a strict press, but with a single dip of the hips to provide assistance.
• Jerk: As a push press, but with two dips, for more leg assistance (as in the barbell clean and jerk)
• Thruster: A rack squat with a press at the top using momentum from the squat.
• Squat: The basic squat is performed holding one or more kettlebells in the rack position, or a single a bell in the goblet position, which can help develop hip mobility by using the elbows to push the knees out at the bottom of the squat.
• Overhead squat: A squat with the kettlebell held overhead, requiring good hip and shoulder mobility.
• Sots press: Named after world record olympic weightlifter Viktor Sots, also called the squat press, this exercise is a rack squat with a press at the bottom of the squat.
• Lunge press: Sometimes called the tactical lunge, this is a press from a lunging position.
• Pistol squat: A single-leg squat with one leg held straight in front parallel to the ground, holding the bell in the goblet or rack position. An easier variant for those with less hip mobility is to perform the squat parallel to a step or ledge, so that the foot of the free leg can dip beneath the pushing leg at the bottom.
• Deadlift: Can be performed different styles, sumo, squat or hip hinge, with one or more kettlebells between the legs, it can also be performed with the kettlebells on the outside (suitcase). Deadlifts can also be performed with one-arm, one-leg, or both.
• Carry: Walking with the kettlebell held in various positions, such as suitcase, rack, goblet, or overhead.
• Row: While bent over anywhere from 45 degrees to parallel with the ground, the kettlebell is held hanging from a straight arm, pulled up to the hips or laterally, and lowered again.
• Lunge: A lunge performed with the kettlebell held in either the hanging, racked, overhead or mixed position.
• Lateral lunge: A lateral lunge with the bell in either the racked or overhead positions. The deepest form of this is called the cossack squat.
• Lateral lunge clean: A clean performed along with a lateral lunge.
• Squat Get-up: A variation of the Turkish get-up where the feet are pulled into the buttocks to get up squat style.
• Windmill: Standing with a bell held overhead, the hips are pushed to the side of the bell. Keeping the bell arm vertical, the upper body is bent to one side and rotated until the other hand is touching the floor. This improves mobility and stability through the hips and shoulder. Alternatively the bell may be held in the other hand, or with one in each hand. An easier version is the bent-leg windmill where the off-side leg is bent, or the supported windmill where the free hand rests against the off leg.
• Farmer’s Walk: Walking holding kettlebells at your sides. The single kettlebell version is called the suitcase walk. These build grip strength while challenging your core, hips, back and traps.

Kettlebell swing

The kettlebell swing (AKA Russian swing, double-arm swing, or conventional kettlebell swing) is a basic ballistic exercise used to train the posterior chain in a manner similar to broad jumping. The kettlebell is swung from just below the groin to somewhere between the upper abdomen and shoulders, with arms straight or slightly bent, the degree of flexion depends on the trajectory of the kettlebell.^[10] The key to a good kettlebell swing is effectively thrusting the hips, not bending too much at the knees and sending the weight forwards, as opposed to squatting the weight up, or lifting up with the arms. This requires an intense contraction of the gluteal, abdominal and latissimus muscles. The swing can also be performed with a release and catch of the kettlebell, which helps train the proper swing pattern where the arms aren’t pulling up at the top. This can be done with two hands switching to a supinated catch. The one-arm swing presents a significant anti-twisting challenge, and can be used with an alternating catch switching between arms. Further variations include the walking swing taking a step forward at the apex of each swing, the outside swing where the kettlebell swings outside the leg, and the kneeling swing, swinging between the legs in a one-leg half-kneeling position.

Variations

There are many variations of the kettlebell swing, some are, but not limited to:

• single arm swing
• one kettlebell double arm swing
• two kettlebells double arm swing
• suitcase swing
• swing squat style
• high swing

Within those variations there are plenty more variations, some are, but not limited to:

• pace
• movement
• speed
• power
• grip
• direction of thumb
• elbow flexion
• knee flexion

Lifting styles

Hardstyle has its roots in powerlifting and Gōjū-ryū karate training, particularly hojo undō concepts. With emphasis on the “hard” component and borrowing the concept of kime, the Hardstyle focuses on strength and power and duality of relaxation and tension.

Girevoy, sometimes referred to as the fluid style in comparison to the Hardstyle, represents the training regimen for the competitive sport of kettlebell lifting, focusing on strength endurance.

Crossfit kettlebell refers to implementation of kettlebell training as in CrossFit curricula, often with significant modifications to preceding styles (e.g. American Swing vs. conventional swing, placing the kettlebell down between snatches).^[12]

Juggling is a training style where the practitioner releases and catches the kettlebell with all manner of spins and flips around the body.^[13]

Kettlebell training is all that is done with a kettlebell outside of the above 4 categories. Kettlebell training is extremely broad and caters to many different goals, some being, but not limited to: mobility, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, strength, speed and power. If an athlete is training in the gym, on the beach, or in the park, and not performing any of the above disciplines, they are participating in kettlebell training.

Kettlebell sport

The kettlebell sport in Russia is where the main popularity of the kettlebell started, from there it was brought to the United States by Pavel Tsatsouline and has developed into much more than just kettlebell lifting competitively. The sport can be compared to what the CrossFit Games is to CrossFit, however, the sport has been much longer in existence, and is only recently gaining more popularity worldwide, with women participating as well. One such example being Valerie Pawlowski, who at age 52 was the first US female lifter in the veteran age category of achieving Master of Sport in 24kg Kettlebell Long Cycle.^{[citation needed]}